
Dionysus
Dionysus (dì´e-nì´ses,
-nê´-) noun
Greek & Roman Mythology.
The god of wine and of an
orgiastic religion celebrating the power and fertility of nature. Also
called Bacchus.
[Latin Dionýsus, from Greek Dionusos.]
Dionysus
Dionysus, in Greek mythology,
god of wine and vegetation. He was a son of the god Zeus. Dionysus was
characterized as a deity whose mysteries inspired
ecstatic,
orgiastic worship. He was good to those who honored him, but he brought
madness on those who spurned him.
According to tradition,
Dionysus died each winter and was reborn in the spring. The yearly rites
in honor of his resurrection gradually
evolved
into the structured form of the Greek drama, and important festivals, featuring
dramatic competitions, were held in his honor. By the 5th century BC, Dionysus
was also known to the Greeks as Bacchus. The Dionysiac mysteries, which
were frenetic celebrations, probably originated in spring nature festivals;
they became popular in the 2nd century BC in Roman Italy, where they were
called the Bacchanalia.
Dionysus (noun)o
drunkenness: Bacchus, Dionysus
Olympian deity: Dionysus, Bacchus
Dionysian
Dionysian (dì´e-nîsh´en, -nîzh´en, -nîs´ê-en) adjective
1.Greek Mythology. a. Of or relating to Dionysus.
b. Of or devoted to the worship of Dionysus.
2.Often dionysian . Of an ecstatic, orgiastic,
or irrational nature; frenzied or undisciplined: "remained the nearest
to the instinctual, the irrational in music, and thus to the Dionysian
spirit in art" (Musco Carner).
3.Often dionysian . In the philosophy of
Nietzsche,
of or displaying creative-intuitive power as opposed to critical-rational
power.
[From Latin Dionýsius, from Greek Dionusios, from Dionusos, Dionysus.]
Dionysia
Dionysia (dì´e-nîz´ê-e,
-nîzh´ê-e, -nîs´ê-e) plural noun
Ancient Greek festivals
held seasonally, chiefly at Athens, in honor of Dionysus, especially those
held in the fall and connected with the development of early Greek drama.
[Latin Dionýsia, from Greek (ta) Dionusia (hiera), (festivities) of Dionysus, neuter pl. of Dionusios. See Dionysian.]
Though Dionysus is popularly associated
with wild revels induced by wine intoxication, Robert Graves has argued that
the original Dionysian rites were only partially wine-inspired. He has insisted,
through his combination of sound scholarship and poetic insight, that the worship
of Dionysus once also involved the ingestion of the
hallucinogenic
fly-agaric
mushroom,
Amanita muscaria.
As befits a psychedelic god, Dionysus was given to a bewildering
series of mutations and transformations. Again echoing
shamanism,
with its traditions of
shape-shifting,
Dionysus variously appeared as a girl, a man, a woman, a lion, a bull, and a
panther. He was also an occasional cross-dresser, and was the god of the theatre,
masks and illusion. Use of psychedelics inevitably reveals the role-playing
nature of identity, and the story of Dionysus shows that we may take advantage
of this shifting quality of the masks we wear to the world. The metamorphic
god persistently used his transformations to conquer foes and work his way out
of difficult situations.
It's an interesting note that the
word "rave" in fact comes from ancient Greek texts describing the behavior of
intoxicated dancers and followers of Dionysus. One such group, the Maenads (a
female cult in Thebes closely resembling the more extremist hippies) were often
mentioned as "raving" or in a state of "wild ecstasy." Dionysus himself, although
commonly known as the God of Wine or drunkenness, was also referred to often
as the "God of Ecstasy" or the "Ecstatic God." He brought the dualistic nature
of wine and intoxication to mortals. Both the ecstatic side and the destructive
rage. Perhaps the roots of our scene go back further than you have ever imagined.
As far back as time goes, there was rhythm and there were mind-
altered
states. Whether natural psychedelics were involved or merely a passion of
faith, people have been "raving" for thousands
of years.
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"...this time however I come as the
victorious Dionysus, who will turn the world into a holiday...Not that I have
much
time..."
-
Nietzsche
(from his last "insane" letter to Cosima Wagner)