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Quantum Mechanics
This nOde last updated June 25th, 2005 and is
permanently morphing...
(11 K'an
(Corn) / 2 Tzec - 24/260 -
12.19.12.7.4)

quantum mechanics
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quantum mechanics or
quantum theory, branch of mathematical physics that deals with the
emission and absorption of energy by matter and with the motion of
material particles. Because it holds that energy and matter exist in
tiny, discrete amounts, quantum mechanics is particularly applicable to
ELEMENTARY PARTICLES and the interactions between them. According to
the older theories of classical physics, energy is treated solely as a
continuous phenomenon (i.e.,
WAVES),
and matter is assumed to occupy a very specific region of space and to
move in a continuous manner. According to the quantum theory, energy is
emitted and absorbed in a small packet, called a quantum (pl. quanta),
which in some situations behaves as particles of matter do; particles
exhibit certain wavelike properties when in motion and are no longer
viewed as localized in a given region but as spread out to some degree.
The quantum theory thus proposes a dual nature for both waves and
particles, with one aspect predominating in some situations and the
other predominating in other situations. Quantum mechanics is needed to
explain many properties of matter, such as the temperature dependence
of the SPECIFIC HEAT of solids, as well as when very small quantities
of matter or energy are involved, as in the interaction of elementary
particles and fields, but the theory of RELATIVITY assumes importance
in the special situation where very large speeds are involved. Together
they form the theoretical basis of modern physics. (The results of
classical physics approximate those of quantum mechanics for large
scale events and those of relativity when ordinary speeds are
involved.) Quantum theory was developed principally over a period of
thirty years. The first contribution was the explanation of BLACKBODY
radiation in
1900 by
Max PLANCK, who proposed that the energies
of any
harmonic
oscillator, such as the atoms of a
blackbody radiator, are restricted to certain values, each of which is
an integral (whole number) multiple of a basic minimum value. In
1905
Albert EINSTEIN proposed
that the radiation itself is also quantized, and he used the new theory
to explain the PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT. Niels BOHR used the quantum theory
in 1913 to explain both atomic structure and atomic spectra, showing
the connection between the energy levels of an atom's electrons and
the
frequencies of
light given off and absorbed by the atom.
Quantum mechanics, the final mathematical formulation of the quantum
theory, was developed during the 1920s. In 1924 Louis de BROGLIE
proposed that particles exhibit wavelike properties. This hypothesis
was confirmed experimentally in 1927 by Clinton J. Davisson and Lester
H. Germer, who observed DIFFRACTION of a beam of electrons. Two
different formulations of quantum mechanics were presented following de
Broglie's suggestion. The wave mechanics of Erwin SCHRÖDINGER
(1926) involves the use of a mathematical entity, the wave function,
which is related to the probability of finding a particle at a given
point in space. The
matrix mechanics of
Werner HEISENBERG (1925) makes no mention of wave functions or similar
concepts but was shown to be mathematically equivalent to
Schrödinger's theory. Quantum mechanics was combined with the
theory of relativity in the formulation of P.A.M. DIRAC (1928), which
also predicted the existence of ANTIPARTICLES. A particularly important
discovery of the quantum theory is the
uncertainty principle, enunciated
by Heisenberg in 1927, which places an absolute theoretical limit on
the accuracy of certain measurements; as a result, the assumption by
earlier scientists that the physical state of a system could be
measured exactly and used to predict future states had to be abandoned.
Other developments of the theory include quantum statistics, presented
in one form by Einstein and S.N. Bose (Bose-Einstein statistics, which
apply to BOSONS) and in another by Dirac and Enrico FERMI (Fermi-Dirac
statistics, which apply to FERMIONS); quantum electronics, which deals
with interactions involving quantum energy levels and
resonance, as in LASERS; quantum
gravitation, the quantum theory of gravitational fields; and quantum
field theory. In quantum field theory, interactions between particles
result from the exchange of quanta:
electromagnetic forces arise from the
exchange of
PHOTONS, weak nuclear
forces from the exchange of W AND Z PARTICLES, strong nuclear
forces from the exchange of gluons, and
GRAVITATION from the exchange of gravitons.
Matrix
Mechanics in Quantum Theory
German physicist Werner
Heisenberg, developed a different mathematical analysis known as matrix
mechanics. According to Heisenberg's theory, the analysis was not an
equation but a matrix: an array consisting of an
infinite number of rows, each row consisting
of an infinite number of quantities. Matrix mechanics showed that there
were an infinite number of matrices that represented the position and
momentum of an electron inside an atom.
We only need to turn to the arbiters of
reality--mainstream scientists--to find this
confirmed. The ability to observe phenomena, they now believe, is
inextricably linked to the phenomena themselves. Having lost faith in
the notion of a material explanation for existence, these quantum
physicists and systems mathematicians have begun to look at the ways
reality conforms to their expectations, mirroring back to them a world
changed by the very act of observation. As they rely more and more on
the computer, their suspicions are further confirmed: This is not a
world reducible to neat equations and pat answers, but an infinitely
complex series of interdependencies, where the tiniest change in a
remote place can have systemwide repercussions.
-
Douglas Rushkoff -
_Cyberia: Life In The Trenches Of
Hyperspace_ (1994)
"dance of
Shiva" is what scientists call the
dance of particles as they arise and disappear
out of "quantum foam".
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"I believe it's the same
value that attends the exploration of ordinary
realities.
There's an
alchemical saying that one
should read the oldest books, climb the highest mountains, and visit
the broadest deserts. I think that being imposes some kind of
obligation to find out what's going on, and since all primary
information about what is going on comes
through the senses, any plant or any compound that alters that sensory
input has to be looked at very carefully. I've often made the
point that, chemically speaking, you can take a molecule that is
completely inactive as a
psychedelic,
reposition a single atom on one of its rings, and suddenly it's a
powerful
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psychedelic. Now it
seems to me that this is a perfect proof of the interpretation of
matter
and mind. The movement of a single atom from one known position
to
another known position changes an experience from nothing to
overwhelming.
This means that mind and matter, at the quantum-mechanical level, are
all
spun together. This means in a sense that the term 'extraordinary
reality' is not correct if it implies a division of category from
ordinary
reality. It is simply that there is more and more and more of
reality,
and some of it is inside our heads and some of it is deployed out
through
three
dimensional
-
Newtonian
space."
-
Terence
McKenna -
_Archaic
Revival_
The Quantum Mechanical engine: Goodbye Einstein
and of course
Newton, hello
non locality and basically the heart sutra of Buddhism. Form is
emptiness...the next development is sure to be applying the
quarks to the quirks of humans. In other words
quantum physics will become
metaphysics
by the very nature of the FACT that no universe is apprehended without
an observer=you..
And a new philosophy
emerged called quantum physics, which suggests that the individual's
function is to inform and be informed. You really exist only when
you're in a field sharing and exchanging
information. You create
realities you inhabit.
-
Timothy Leary -
_Chaos
&
Cyberculture_
(1994)
"NATURE ISN'T CLASSICAL,
dammit, and if you want to make a simulation of nature, you'd better
MAKE IT QUANTUM MECHANICAL, and by golly it's a wonderful problem
because it doesn't look easy." -
Richard Feynman (1981)
"Which is to say that culture is not a reflex
of political economy, but that society is now a reflex of key shifts in
music theory and practice.... [Sampladelia is] the sound made by those
early-twentieth-century discoveries in particle physics and relativity
theory, the projection of the minds of
Einstein, Heisenberg, and Bohr, their
fateful explorations of liquid
time,
curving space, uncertainty fields and relativity theorems, into densely
configured and fully ambivalent android music tracks"
- Arthur Kroker, _Spasm:
Virtual Reality, Android Music and
Electric Flesh_
If we accept that a
successful piece of art can support various levels of intellectual
investment from the viewer, a given piece will not have a single
unchangeable "meaning" for that individual. Rather, the meaning for
that person will be made up of a
network
of shifting interactions between many
perceptions
of the work. It is interesting to think about the mental space that
these interactions and perceptions take place in.
"Quantum particles are
the
dreams that stuff is made of."
- David Moser
Sociologists of knowledge, like Andew
Pickering, feel that physicists are often really "creating" many of the
weird quantum entities
they are studying, rather than just "finding" them
out there. (That position is reflected by the
Copenhagen Interpretation,
which suggests that mind collapses the quantum wave function and
creates the properties of the observed.)
Steve Mizrach aka Seeker1
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QM has given rise to the
modern semiconductor technologies behind the new computing and
information
infrastructure. When considered magickally, a workable
interface
between
psi
phenomena, consciousness, bioenergetics and
synchronicity
is established. We're getting quite near to where we've been trying to
hasten us: the frontiers of science, where mathematics and mysticism
almost
visibly blur. Mathematics is the universal
language
of physicists, and as such perhaps the most powerful magickal language
in daily use on this planet. A language in which 'work' '
force'
'power' 'acceleration' 'field strength' 'energy' 'mass' and 'current'
all
refer to well defined concepts, and observable quantities. Mathematics
has provided the most effective magickal framework yet for enquiry into
the nature and structure of matter (which we now know to be a form of
energy,
and vice versa.)
Some philosophers assert
that consciousness arises from 'complex interactions' occurring between
neurons, which could perhaps one day be reproduced on a computer...
this
is a 'Strong
A.I.'
viewpoint. Others are not so sure, and feel that consciousness and
quantum
mechanics may be tightly bound together. Many will be
familiar with the phenomena termed 'synchronicity' by
Carl
Jung, in which seemingly 'random coincidences' take on a deep
personal
significance. Some have found that the practice of
magick
has rather increased the rate of these events... and that you may have
found yourself encountering other folk in strangely similar situations.
At the quantum level,
reality
is an indivisible, massively interconnected whole. Each
nervous
system is embedded into this whole in such a way as that its very
functioning
would appear to impinge on the fabric of the whole, spreading '
virtual
vibrations' out across spacetime. As above, so below. Quantum
structures
within and without and a proven mechanism --- non local interactions
---
for interfacing between the two. By acting so as to affect the patterns
of interaction and vibration within our nervous systems we in so doing,
affect the external quantum structure of the entire universe. In short,
modern physics and magick would seem to be saying identical things.
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