
-Jocelyn Godwin
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Introduction
PART ONE
1. What Does "Nada Brahma" Mean?
2. Nada Brahma-as
Koan
and as
Mantra
Including an Excursion into Logic
3. In the Beginning Was the Sound
On Sound,
Logos,
and Rose
4. "Before We Make Music, the Music Makes
Us"
From Macrocosm to Microcosm
5. The Sound Calls
... stars and elementary particles - plants and
marine
animals - crystals and leaf forms - the male and
female
bodies and sexuality - cathedrals and cloisters
- the structure
of the earth ...
6. Sound is More Certain than Time and
Matter
7. Harmony as the Goal of the Universe
8. Sound in the Belly
On "Male," and "Female" Sound, Amen and
OM
9. Temple in the Ear
On Listening, Silence-and Wakefulness
10. Nada Brahma: What do the Musicians
Say?
On Indian Music, Jazz, Rock, Minimal
Music--Including an Excursion on Hermann Hesse
11. The Myths Were Right:
God Created the World from Sound
PART TWO
1.
Zen
and Modern
Japan
2. India and Jazz
3. Postscript on Science
Sources - Literature - Notes
Index of Names and Subjects
____________
All music, based upon melody
and rhythm, is the earthly representative of heavenly music.
PLOTINUS
Open spaces--nothing holy!
BODHIDHARMA
How unbelievably modest are human beings who bind
themselves to only one religion! I have very many religions, and the one
overriding them is only forming throughout my life.
ELIAS CANETTI
The universe and I exist
together, and all things and I are one. As all things are one, there is
no need for further speech. But since I just said that all things are one,
how can speech be not important?...Behind the divisible there is always
something indivisible. Behind the disputable there is always something
indisputable. You ask: What? The wise man carries it in his heart.
CHUANG-TZU
_____________
A crucial impulse for the growing consideration of mind and spirit in theoretical physics came from the (often minimal) deviations of the results in physical experiments from what scientists would have expected on the grounds of the laws of physics. Again and again, physicists and mathematicians have been confronted with these minimal and unpredictable deviations. They began to ask: Where are the energies, the impulses behind these deviations? What is it that keeps slipping through the ever-finer net of our experimental measuring capacities?
In interpreting findings of modern physicists, the French physicist-philosopher Jean E. Charon points out that electrons have a "choice," an option to choose between different "ways of action," and that they actually exercise their option. But this is just what the mind is per definitionem: the agent that chooses.
The more recent models of explanation in microphysics and cosmology are totally unthinkable without the concept of option. Physicists no longer attempt to do away with these "possibilities of freedom" or to deny them. They have accepted them and have increasingly realized that accepting the option means accepting a mental and/or psychic element.
No doubt, Charon's ideas
are speculative--rejected by many of his colleagues--and yet a continually
growing group of physicists--clustered in France around Charon and in the
United States around leading research institutes in
Pasadena
and Princeton (the "Princeton gnostics")--believes that it has found the
source of these mental and psychic impulses in the electron and in the
photon.
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Charon writes: "Inside its micro-universe, the
electron encloses a space that is able, first, to store
information,
second, to make this information available again during each
pulsation
period of its cycle by way of a sort of '
memory
system', and third, to control complex operations by communicating and
cooperating with the other electrons of the system."
The electron is a sort
of "miniature
black
hole." Its structure is similar to that of the black holes in outer
space and, to a certain degree, to their preliminary form, the heavy
pulsars
that I have talked about. Like black holes and pulsars, the electron has
an extremely high temperature (between 60 million and 650 million degrees
Centigrade; try to imagine such temperatures in the unimaginably minute
space of the microworld!) and similarly has an immense density (between
one thousand billion and one million grams per cubic centimeter). Like
black holes, it is also characterized by curved space and curved time in
the sense of
Einstein's
theory. Thus, the time of electrons (and of black holes) is not identical
with our "material time," which leads from the past to the future. It is
rather a "mental time" which "runs cyclically," so that everything once
stored can be retrieved during any further cycle. For Charon, the electrons
are the "prime stores" of memory. They are among the few elementary particles
that do not disintegrate; in other words, they exist from the beginning
of the cosmos to its end. As Charon writes:
"An electron that was successively part of a tree, a human being, a tiger, and another human being will thus remember for all time the experiences it has collected during these different lives. The electron will maintain within itself all of its experiences as tree, as human being No. 1, as tiger, and as human being No. 2, to whose organisms it belonged at certain times."
The groundwork for these discoveries was laid as
early as the twenties by the Swiss physicist
Wolfgang
Pauli. The "Pauli exclusion principle" holds that atoms are able to
"know" and to "remember" whether they have been in
contact
with a specific atom before and that they "know" the state of other atoms.
The electron's recollections
are stored and controlled by its spin, and they are assembled with the
help of
photons.
Each progression of the spin leads to an increase in information. What
is most surprising and, in our present context, most wonderful is the fact
that these progressions take place in steps comparable to the steps on
the string of a monochord.
Photons control not only
memory
but the
process
of cognition. As Charon points out, they are messengers: "Here, a photon
of the outer shell disappears, thereby making its impulse, its energy,
and its spin available to a photon of the electron shell." In this way,
the interior photon now possesses the potential that previously belonged
to the exterior one. And this phenomenon also takes place in whole-number
progressions. It is as if the particles were communicating their "tones"
with each other. The
language
in which they communicate is a language in
harmonic
progressions, in tones!
pp. 133, 134
More than once (most impressively perhaps in the
change from
OM
to Amen), we have found that the sound we mean is not simply a sound that
becomes audible and then disappears. Sound stands for primal sound.
Sound is expression and symbol, an audible representative of the inaudible
nada.
When you blot out sense and sound, what do you hear?
The echo of what you then hear is the sound from hara.
Of all the great musicians of classical music, I know none whose sound could make this point so impressively audible as Pablo Casals, that wonderful and wise cellist. Even jazz musicians, who in their own field are literally surrounded by great sound creators, speak of him with breathless admiration. The Austrian tenor saxophonist Hans Koller once said in an interview: "Actually, we tenor players have it easy. All you have to do is listen to the great tenor players of the jazz tradition. They all really have their own wonderful sound. There is only one musician in Europe I know of who could be compared to them: Pablo Casals."
On a radio program in the
early 1960s, Koller played a recording of the unaccompanied solo improvisation
"Picasso" by the tenor saxophonist Coleman Hawkins,
immediately
followed by a recording of Casals' sound in Bach's Suite in C minor for
unaccompanied cello. The concurrence was astounding, but an additional
phenomenon also became clear. It is easy in the case of a wind instrument
to envision the sound as coming from the player's belly, because a column
of air moves directly through his body into the instrument. In the case
of a string instrument, however, there is only a "spiritual" column. In
fact, that column is the crucial one. Even if there is an actual column
of air, the spiritual one is stronger. It was like meeting an old friend
after many years when I read the following sentences in a book by the German
psychologist and musician Silvia Ostertag:
"When I heard Pablo Casals
play for the first time, something strange took place inside me. It was
at a master class in Zermatt, Switzerland. In each of the lessons, there
were also participants who were there only as auditors. I was one of them,
one of many. Casais was teaching, and I still remember the moment when
he took his bow and played a tone, one single tone. It certainly wasn't
the case that I had been asleep up to that point, but in the
moment
when this tone was sounded, I felt as if I were waking up, violently and
yet tenderly....
"It was as if this tone had reached an inner ear that hadn't existed before. It seemed as if this tone had gone through all heights and had struck me in my innermost self, a part of myself which I had been unaware of. And yet, this innermost self was more familiar to me than anything I knew of myself, otherwise I would not call it my innermost self.
"When the sound of the tone had died away, I found myself unsure for a moment whether Casals had really played it or whether the room had just become really quiet. If I wanted to describe it ... , it was a tone in which all tones were sounded and in which at the same time was all silence....
"It was many years ago that I heard Casals for the first time. Not only have I never forgotten that tone, but ever since that experience I have been trying to become the kind of person who, through my hearing and my deeds, would open my entire life for the sake of this "tone." . . . Back then I experienced something that transcended the horizon of our rational understanding, something inconceivable, unconditional, something eternal ... the tone in which all tones were sounded--the tone that contained all silence."
pp. 135, 136
Dealing wirh sound means dealing with listening.
Experiments have shown that no other sense can register impulses as minimal
as those that the ear can register. The amplitude of the vibrations of
our eardrum lies in the area of 10 [to the] -9 [power]. That is smaller
than the wave length of visible
light
and even less than the diameter of a hydrogen atom. The smallest stimuli
our ear can just barely
perceive,
on the other hand, have to be amplified by a factor of 10 [to the] 6 [power]
in order to reach the level of the highest volume perceivable, by a factor
in the million range. Were we to amplify the smallest impulses our eyes
can register by the same factor, we would be blinded instantly. Hans Kayser
points out the astonishing fact that our ears are the only human sense
organ that is able to perceive numerical quantity as well as numerical
value.
"The ears not only recognize exact numerical proportions, that is, numerical quantities like 1:2 as an octave, 2:3 as a fifth, 3:4 as a fourth, etc.; at the same time they hear ... values that they perceive as C, G, F, and so on. So the tone value fuses two elements into one unit: the element of sensing--the tone, that is--with the element of thinking, of numerical value. And this happens in such an exact manner that the value of the tone can be checked precisely against the value of the number, and the value of the number against the value of the tone.
"Among all our human senses
we only have one organ that is capable of this fusion--the ears. In this
way sensation controls deliberation--or to put it differently: Our soul
is thus capable of deciding on the correctness or incorrectness of an intellectual
quantity. Conversely, the phenomenon of tone value also gives us the opportunity
to develop proportions and numerical values in the realm of the psyche."